What is Scoliosis?

Scoliosis is a condition in which the normally straight spine curves into an “S” or “C” shape. It may occur on the left or right of the spine, or on both sides in different sections of the spine. In Malaysia, Scoliosis affects 1-3% of population. While it can affect individuals of all ages, it most commonly emerges during adolescence.

Causes of Scoliosis

Idiopathic Scoliosis

This is the most common type of scoliosis, the cause is unknown. It commonly develops during growth spurt years, or around the age of 10 to 14. We should be most concerned about scoliosis in a child that has significant growth remaining. It may worsen during the period of rapid growth that occurs just before puberty

Neuromuscular Scoliosis
This type of scoliosis is associated with conditions such as cerebral palsy, polio, spina bifida, and spinomuscular atrophy

Congenital Scoliosis
Resulting from spinal abnormalities present at birth such as a failure in formation and/ or segmentation of the vertebral body

Non-structural Scoliosis

Common causes of this type of scoliosis include

• leg length difference

• pain from infection, tumour, trauma or nerve irritation, and

• poor posture
  

Vitamin D deficiency?

Recent studies have also explored the potential link between vitamin D deficiency and scoliosis development. One study found a significant negative correlation between vitamin D levels and the severity of spinal curvature in premenarcheal girls.

Signs of Scoliosis - 2 ways to screen for it at home

Posture Screen

1. Head tilt, with uneven ear heights

2. Body leaning to one side, with the head off-center

3. Uneven shoulder height

4. Asymmetrical shoulder blades, with one more prominent

5. In females, one breast may appear higher than the other

6. One hip higher than the other, noticeable in uneven pant waistlines

Forward Bending Test
This test involves the following steps:

1. Stand with feet together and parallel

2. Place palms of hands together with arms straight

3. Bend forward with fingertips pointing between the big toes

4. One side of the back being higher can be a sign of scoliosis.

How is scoliosis diagnosed? What should I expect during a chiropractic visit?

An X-ray of the spine is typically used to assess the curvature and determine the degree of scoliosis. During your visit, we will take a detailed health history, explore any physical or emotional stressors in your life, and perform a thorough spinal and postural examination. Based on our findings, we’ll work with you to improve the function of your spine and nervous system—supporting you in living a fuller, healthier life.

Management Strategies

Management of scoliosis depends on the severity of the curvature and the patient's age:

• Observation: For mild curves, regular monitoring through X-rays to assess progression.​

• Bracing: Recommended for moderate curves in growing children to prevent further curvature.

• Physical Therapy: Exercises aimed at improving posture and strengthening spinal muscles.​

• Surgical Intervention: Considered for severe cases where non-invasive methods are ineffective.

How Chiropractic Can Help

When a spinal joint isn’t moving properly, it can send confusing signals to the brain, which may lead to problems like pain or muscle tightness. By restoring normal movement in that area, the brain gets clearer information about the body’s position—helping it make better decisions for balance, posture, and coordination.

When the spine curves abnormally, it puts uneven pressure on certain areas. Over time, this extra stress can cause the joints and discs to wear down faster, sometimes leading to pain or discomfort.

Chiropractic care aims to:

• Help prevent the curve from getting worse

• Slow down the aging and wear of spinal joints

• Improve how your spine and nervous system function

• Relieve tension or pain in the neck, shoulders, and lower back

Myths About Scoliosis

1.All scoliosis cases need a brace or surgery.

Scoliosis can present very differently in different individuals. Treatment depends on several factors, including the maturity of the spine, the child's age at the time of diagnosis, the size of the curve, and the child's gender.

Bracing or surgery is not always necessary. When recommended, these treatments aim to stop the progression of the spinal curve. Surgery, in particular, is usually reserved for cases where the curve exceeds 45 to 50 degrees and carries a high risk of progression, as it may eventually affect lung function. Some children may need to wear a brace until they have completed their pubertal growth spurt.

Early detection is crucial. With the right management, pain can often be prevented, and we can significantly improve a child’s quality of life and psychological wellbeing.

2. People with scoliosis can’t play sports

Individuals with scoliosis can lead normal, independent lives and participate in most—if not all—types of sports.

Sports and physical activity are essential for maintaining mobility, developing core strength, and supporting healthy brain function. Of course, depending on the severity of the scoliosis, there may be certain sports or movements that should be modified or approached with caution. There are many athletes and even Olympians who have scoliosis and continue to perform at elite levels.

3. Scoliosis always causes pain.

Having scoliosis does not necessarily mean you will experience pain.
Many people with spinal curves—especially in the early stages—do not have any symptoms. However, scoliosis can increase the risk of developing back pain over time.

The good news is that with early detection and good spinal hygiene, pain can often be prevented, allowing you to live a full and active life.